Expansion of Government What is Necessary - 1816 Words

Is there a limit to how much control the government can have over citizens? When the United States was founded, it was constructed to â€Å"restrain men from injuring one another, and otherwise leaving them free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labor the bread they earned,† but as time passes they have began to become more involved in issues that do not serve the well being of the people. Today, problems economically and socially flood the nation leaving the government in disarray. Before one can determine the limits of government, one must define the role the government has and what it is responsible for. Friedrich Hayek defined a government to be responsible to offer a minimal†¦show more content†¦Many may be wondering why the government would want to get involved in issues that were never meant to be one of its responsibilities. The answer is simple considering the system in which power is obtained in the United States. Politicians are granted power by winning elections which are determined by receiving a majority of the people’s votes. The process in which people have been made a part of the government actions through voting is clearly necessary in any form of a democracy. Problems occur when people vote others into power for reasons other than the ability that politician has to be successful in managing the country. Media has made politicians less known for what they can do to help our countries needs at the moment, and more about the polit icians’ stance on controversial topics that involve individuals’ religious beliefs or suit one’s lifestyle. What guidelines should the government be following to insure they are involved in only necessary conflicts? First, they must question whether there is a source of market failure. If there is, they must ask if there is evidence that the market actually would fail. They must then question whether the government can realistically make an impact that would result in a solution to the problem. Finally, they must ask if there is evidence that the benefit from the action that was taken outweighs the costs. If the answers to allShow MoreRelatedMarketing Research Case Study Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesoften referenced in existing companies to understand how clients purchase their product, competition or how to best communicate with the audience. This type of research is also necessary in a successful world-wide expansion as it provides a company with a blue print of how to grow. This paper will examine a global expansion case study and how to perform marketing research in a global economy . Background of Case Study The Sperry/MacLennan Architects and Planners Firm is a successful Canadian architectureRead MoreConcept Of Circular Flow And The National Economy1516 Words   |  7 Pageswhich it is sold and the cost they had to pay to make it. 2.1.2 Circular Flow and the National Economy – Using the concept of circular flow, analyze the roles of and the relationships between households, business firms, financial institutions, and government and nongovernment agencies in the economy of the United States. Businesses → Buy resources, sell products Product market → Business sell to, households buy from Resource market → Households sell to (labor), Businesses buy Households → sell resourcesRead MoreEffects Of Westward Expansion715 Words   |  3 PagesWestward expansion was a time of successes and failures, a time celebrations and grief, a time full of life and death but in the end it shaped how America is the way is today. 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Mainly, the preamble of the Constitution explained what the separated America would fight for; life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The colonies of America wanted to cut ties from the British Empire becauseRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1638 Words   |  7 Pagesthe French people in North America . The expansion of the United States continued throughout the years . In 1846 war started with Mexico, since Mexico refused to sell land to the American Nation. Land was obtained by lies and by trying to get the enemies out of the way. The forming of America was done the same way other nations had done it. It was formed by colonizing, and by making war with other nations. The Expansion of the United States was not necessary because at that time the population wasRead MoreChina Is Making A $ 250 Billion A Year Investment Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pages2014, about 7.26 million new Chinese undergraduates were produced, which is more than 7 times the number 15 years ago (Sharma, 2014, p.2). Besides, â€Å"China is making a $250 billion-a-year investment in what economists call human capital† ( Brandisher , 2013, p. 1). Specifically, the Chinese government has spent a huge amount of money and energy in expanding higher education to improve the current system, and to provide a broadly educated public. However, the alarming rise in the number of new undergraduatesRead MoreLegal, Cultural, and Ethical Challenges Paper885 Words   |  4 PagesJamal B Ibrahim February 07, 2011 Legal, Cultural, and Ethical Challenges Paper As the United States economy waxes and wanes, commerce in the workplace changes to create new ideas for more and better sales. Global outreach for company expansion has taken the new economic conditions by storm for the consumer and American corporations. Company core values are built on the foundation of ones ideas and broadcast through marketing of the mission statements. Aligning a mission statement toRead MoreThe Justification Behind Manifest Destiny1699 Words   |  7 Pagesmarked a period of time of growth and development for the United States. During this time, the U.S. experienced important advances in science, technology, industrialization, and civil rights. This is also the time period where the U.S. began its expansion from east coast to west coast. This is known as the conquest of manifest destiny. Unfortunately, this destiny came at a price. The price paid for this was by the Native American people who were essentially forcibly moved off of their land for the

Ode To The West Wind Essay - 1549 Words

Theme :- Inspiration in amp;#8220;Ode to the West Wind; amp;#8220;When composition begins, inspiration is already on the decline; - P. B. Shelley nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shelley deals with the theme of inspiration in much of his work. However it is particularly apparent in amp;#8216;Ode to the West Windamp;#8217; where the wind is the source of his creativity. The cycles of death and rebirth are examined in an historical context with reference to The Bible. The word inspiration has several connotations that Shelley uses in this amp;#8216;Odeamp;#8217;. Inspiration is literally amp;#8216;taking in breathamp;#8217; and wind, breath, soul and inspiration are all identical or related in Hebrew, Latin and Greek. They are all†¦show more content†¦Coupled with the elusiveness of the wind to the human eye the effect is that the wind is an amp;#8220;uncontrollable; power that cannot be contained. In the fifth stanza Shelley refers to amp;#8220;the incantation of this verse;(l.65) - this is of pagan origins and he is invoking the wind to work through him. As a magician the wind works itamp;#8217;s magic throughout nature and i t knows no bounds as the earth, water and air all feel itamp;#8217;s power. The imagery associated with this suggests that Shelley expected his work to also spread over the universe, like the wind, and inspire others just as the wind was an inspiration to him. The amp;#8220;dead thoughts; he refers to could be the words he has written down that die as soon as they are recorded. Although not the source of his inspiration others could read them and experience what he felt in that wood that skirts the Arno. In the tradition of the sublime this description acts as a denial of sense perception and it is associated with an object of pure thought - an unknown power that animates all life. The wind is, therefore, seen as a spirit because of its lack of being. This spirit can only be known by itamp;#8217;s effects and we see those in the first stanza as amp;#8220;the leaves dead / Are driven amp;#8230; to their wintry bed;(ll. 2,3,6). The windamp;#8217;s role is to spread the dead leaves and this enables the seeds to spread and begin life anew. In this double role ofShow MoreRelatedOde to the West Wind2446 Words   |  10 PagesOde to the West Wind, Shelley invokes Zephyrus, the west wind, to free his dead thoughts and words, as from an unextinguished hearth / Ashes and sparks (63, 66-67), in order to prophesy a renaissance among humanity, to quicken a new birth (64). This ode, one of a few personal lyrics published with his great verse drama, Prometheus Unbound, identifies Shelley with his heroic, tormented Titan. By stealing fire from heaven, Prometheus enabled humanity to found civilization. In punishment,Read MoreOde to the West Wind Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesThe wind is one of the most powerful forces known to man. It can do things that man has been envious of and also terrified of throughout the centuries. It is no wonder why Shelley decided to write a poem of praise in its name. Shelley writes this poem with the speaker being a poet himself frustrated tha t he can not tell the world the things that he feels the world needs to know. Throughout the poem he continually is describing what the wind can do and what he wishes the wind could do for him. ItRead MoreOde to the West Wind Essay655 Words   |  3 PagesWild West Wind An ode is a poem with extraordinary lyrics, aiming at loftier thought, and more complex formal structure than most lyrics. Another characteristic of an ode is that they are often addressed at something or someone. An ode is a long lyric poem, highly interested in a specific subject, tone, and style, often written to celebrate an event, person, being or power. In which in Ode to the West wind, Shelley describes the winds mighty power and fierce strength, for example in Ode toRead MoreOde to the West Wind Explication Percy Bysse Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind is a dramatization of600 Words   |  3 PagesOde to the West Wind Explication Percy Bysse Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind is a dramatization of man’s useless and â€Å"dead thoughts† (63) and Shelley’s desire from the Autumn wind to drive these â€Å"over the universe† (65) so that not only he but man can start anew. The thoughts are first compared to the leaves of trees but as the poem progresses the thoughts are paralleled with the clouds and finally the â€Å"sapless foliage of the ocean† (40). Shelley personifies himself with the seasons of the Earth andRead MoreImagery in Ode to the West Wind by P.B.Shelley1300 Words   |  6 PagesNilanjan Dutt Imagery in Shelley’s Ode To The West Wind Ode to the West Wind is a poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley that shows the correspondence between the inner and the outer world of the poet. It is among his famous poems. The major theme of the poem is the poet’s intention to become a force that may bring the change and rejuvenation in man’s life. This theme is metaphorically shown by the rejuvenation of nature through the west wind as an agent. It is described through his excellent useRead MoreOde to the West Wind by Percy Shelley801 Words   |  3 PagesPhilosophical Poem. Shelley was in love with Goodwill and Mary Wollstonecraft’s daughter, Mary, and in 1814 they eloped to Europe. He was one of the epic poets of the 19th century. He the best known for classic anthology verse works such as Ode to the West Wind and The Masque of Anarchy (Shelley, Percy www.dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist). Percy was in a relationship with Harriet. Percy and Harriet had two children, daughter Elizabeth Lanthe born in (1813-1876) and son Charles born in 1814. Percy madeRead More An Analysis of Ode to the West Wind Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Ode to the West Wind Shelleys Ode to the West Wind appears more complex at first than it really is because the poem is structured much like a long, complex sentence in which the main clause does not appear until the last of five fourteen line sections. The poems main idea is held in suspension for 56 lines before the reader sees exactly what Shelley is saying to the west wind, and why hes saying it. In the first four sections Shelley addresses the west wind in three differentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Ode Of The West Wind 1855 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Ode to the West Wind†, using various literary devices, proposes the question: How does the speaker, or Percy Shelley, perceive the west wind and what relationship does Shelley wish to obtain with the west wind in order to achieve his main goal? In Shelley’s â€Å"Ode to the West Wind†, metaphors and similes, tone, and imagery reveal Shelley’s perception of the west wind as a powerful force of nature and his dire need to b ecome like the wind in order to inspire the world that surrounds him. The firstRead MoreEssay on Romanticism and Shelleys Ode to the West Wind985 Words   |  4 PagesRomanticism and Shelleys Ode to the West Wind       M.H. Abrams wrote, The Romantic period was eminently an age obsessed with fact of violent change (Revolution 659). And Percy Shelley is often thought of as the quintessential Romantic poet (Appelbaum x). The Ode to the West Wind expresses perfectly the aims and views of the Romantic period. Shelleys poem expresses the yearning for Genius. In the Romantic era, it was common to associate genius with an attendant spirit or forceRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Ode to the West Wind1129 Words   |  5 Pagespentameter in terza rima formation. The rhyming pattern follows the form aba bcb cdc ded ee. According to Shelleys note, this poem was conceived and chiefly written in a wood that skirts the Arno, near Florence, and on a day when that tempestuous wind, whose temperature is at once mild and animating, was collecting the vapours which pour down the autumnal rains. They began, as I foresaw, at sunset with a violent tempest of hail and rain, attended that magnificent thunder and lightning peculiar to

Problems and Prospects of the Chongming Dontan Ramsar Site Free Essays

string(69) " wreck the environmental heath of Dongtan site in different degrees\." Name: Su Zhelong UtasNum: 144362 SOUNum: 0991340 Word Count: 1846 KGA 378 Long Essay: Pressures, Problems and Prospects of the Chongming Dontan Ramsar Site I. Introduction From the pre-industrial period to post-industrial period, the problems caused by environment deterioration always come with the great economic growth and significant technical promotion. To equilibrate social development and environmental health puzzles people all over the world at present while poverty still affect one fifth of human population after the population explosion and accelerating urbanization. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems and Prospects of the Chongming Dontan Ramsar Site or any similar topic only for you Order Now The contradiction typically occurs in the coastal zones, which are under the pressure from population growth, pollution, over-exploitation of resources and habitat degradation due to these areas hold approximately half of the world’s population. In China, the whole country is fueled by â€Å"powerful social and economic forces† that are â€Å"promoting individual development and land reclamation† (Yang, 1999; Yang et al. , 2001 cited in Zhao et al. , 2004). This author focused on the Chongming Dongtan Ramsar Site as a case to discuss its pressures, problems and prospects in the development dilemma of the changing world. Chongming Island is the third largest island in China(1200km2) and the largest alluvial island in the world that located in north of Shanghai city. As a migratory staging and wintering site for millions of birds and spawning and feeding grounds for 63 species of fish, Chongming Dongtan provides important ecological services with its extraordinary resources. (Zhao et al. , 2004) The essay used SWOT analysis process to evaluate the ecological situation of Chongming Dongtan Ramsar Site, therefore, the article discussed this issue from four main aspects: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. II. SWOT Analysis: Strengths The strengths of Chongming Dongtan Ramsar site can be concluded as three respects: geographic advantages, abundant resources and biological diversity. Firstly, the Chongming Dongtan is the most large-scaled and well-developed tidal wetland and the mouth of the river. It is located in the easternmost Chongming Island that formed by the sediment accumulation from the runoff of Yangzi River. Moreover, the Dongtan is still increasing in size by about 500 ha annually to the East Ocean through the deposition of sand. (Zhao et al. 2004) This position, the coastal area in the center of Yangzi Delta, is the midpoint along the only way that must be passed of migratory birds in Pacific Asia that many birds stop here to take rest and food when they pass by in spring and summer. Besides, it is also a wintering site for millions of birds because of its moderate climate (Shi et al. , 2001). Secondly, the extensive tidal-flat area and hierarchical distribution make the D ongtan rich in both inorganic and organic resources. The luxuriant aquatic plant and massive plankton provide adequate food for birds and reptiles. As a habitat, especially in winter, the widely flourishingly growing reed is very suitable to perch and hatch for birds. Lastly, the Dongtan site has amazing biological diversity that 63 species of fish including the rare animal which is on the verge of extinction – Chinese sturgeon and 108 species of migratory birds. The total number of the birds aggregates three million which is the tenth of China and quarter of Shanghai area. III. SWOT Analysis: Weaknesses Since 1960s the Chinese, both government and civilians, started to exploit the Chongming Island, the total annual ecosystem service values in Dongtan keep declining until today. Especially after the reform and open, the fast industrialization and economic development accelerate the environmental degradation in Dongtan. Just between 1990 and 2000, the total ecosystem service values had reduced 62%, which was largerly attributable to the 71% loss of wetlands and tidal flats. (Zhao et al. , 2004) According to relative research, the main reasons, also the weakness, of Dongtan are mostly from two aspects: the depletion caused by overdevelopment and inning and the water discharge pollution. From 1964 to 2001, there were more than 20 times of inning activity that occupied over 14198. hm. The inning activities becomes increasingly frequent and large-scaled that result in the wetlands/tidal flats shrunk from 12,432 ha in 1990 to 7915ha in 1997, and 3856 ha in 2000. In contrast, the orchard /plant nursery had increased from 80 ha in 1990 to 3863 ha in 2000. (Zhao et al. , 2004) The detailed situation of land structure changes had been listed in the following tables: T ables from Zhao B. , Kreuter U. , Li B. , Ma Z. , Chen J. Nakagoshi N. , 2004, An Ecosystem Service Value Assessment of Land-use Change on Chongming Island, China, Land Use Policy, Volume 21, pages 139-148. In addition, the reed regions area fell off from 2039. 78 hm to 810. 17 hm and the salt marsh area decreased from 539. 27 hm to 391. 43 hm. Influenced by the changes, many birds are forced to leave the original habitat so that the total number of birds dropped with the tidal reduction. These irrational distributions of land use broke up the ecosystem balance and caused high rate of environmental services loss that will bring serious negative ecological consequences in long term. The shortsighted activities will finally limit the development of the area and lead to economically costly outcomes. The other weakness of Dongtan site is the water quality degradation because of the sewage discharge. There are 16 township enterprises use 166. 67 tidal lands to initiate ship dismantlement factories, which produced serious water pollution with waste oil and Toxic chemical substances that make the large-area reed withered or dead. Particularly in the combined concentrated sewage discharge outlets, the water quality of both the intertidal and offshore was polluted by the heavy metal contamination and organic pollution (PAHs and LABs). Shi et al. , 2001) from almost three million m3 sewage per day is discharged to the coastal zone water body. Compared with the industrial centralized sewage discharge, the non-point pollution from urban runoff, agriculture and aquaculture contributes much more significant percentage of the total pollution. Despite these two factors, poaching activities and wetland grazing also wreck the environmental heath of Dongtan site in different degrees. You read " Problems and Prospects of the Chongming Dontan Ramsar Site" in category "Essay examples" IV. SWOT Analysis: Opportunities In 1992, the Chongming Dongtan had been put in the Chinese Protected Wetland Dictionary while it was brought into The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance and other international important wetland lists. The Dongtan sites undertake the functions of environmental damage resisting, environment purifying and maintain the biological diversity. Due to its great meaning for sustainable development of multiple regions, the Shanghai City made decisions of constructing Chongming Island into the largest ecological island in China. The Chongming Dongtan Wetland Nature Protection Area, Chongming Dongtan Migratory Birds Nature Protection Area of Shanghai and Chongming Dongtan Wetland Park had been established in succession. The foundation of these protection areas will effectively retard the environmental degradation in Dongtan site and promote the environmental quality through policy and integrated management. At the same time, in order to lighten the pressure of exploit on the wetland, the government has built a convenient communication network to stimulate the tourist industry and economic growth. The overall plan of Dongtan transport system development has four parts: * Freeway traffic: the G40 line, important part of national highway network that connects East China and North China, will cross the Chongming Island through Shanghai Yangzi River Tunnel; * Rail transit: the subway 9th line will reach the Chengjia Town in Chongming Island across the Yangzi River; * Water traffic: dork construction along the south band of the Yangzi River; * Air traffic: the parking apron for helicopter in the International Forum Island, which is in the south of Dongtan Avenue, has been built already. To deal with the water pollution from sewage discharge, the Chongming ecological construction plan states that the wetland sewage treatment project is under building. This project aims to concentrate both industrial and sanitary sewage to purge before discharge to improve the water quality of the area. Three of the 9 programmed sewage disposal works had been accomplished and come into service. The total sewage treatment system includes sewage collection network, preprocessing system and artificial wetland processing system. The treated water can be directly discharge into the farmland or irrigate plants. This sewage treatment system can handle 6 million tons of water per day that is the biggest sewage disposal work in Chongming Island. V. SWOT Analysis: Threats The last section is to analysis the potential problems or threats to the future development of the Chongming Dongtan Ramsar Site. As the arguer had mentioned before, the Chongming Dongtan is formed by the sand sedimentation from the water flow of the Yangzi River. Thus the area of the wetland/tidal flats still keeps increasing because the sedimentation process continues to bring solid matter. However, the water conservancy construction in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, like the Three Gorges Hydropower Station and . projects to divert water from the south to the north, substantially diminishes the sediment charge of the current while the water flow does not change. Less sediment concentration slows down the speed of wetland and tidal flats increasing. Corresponding, affected by the storm surge, many coastal areas have been widespread eroded. The problem will become more and more serious if no measures are taken. Every year, thousands of fishing vessels gather from different provinces to Chongming Dongtan to fish for eels. The massive fishery activity invades and occupies the habitat of birds and brings significant pollution like noise of motor and engine oil. The geese and ducks overwintering has been serious disturbed that they could not foraging and perch safely and peacefully. The frail ecosystem that is lack of unified management has been wantonly destroyed from the immoderate seining. (Yin, Jiang Li, 2008) In addition, the local plants like scirpus mariqueter and reed provide necessary food and habitat for migratory birds. Notwithstanding, the invasive alien species like spartina is growing in extreme abundance and snatching resources from local plants while these invasive alien species cannot take place of the local plants’ functions. (Yuan et al. , 2003) Therefore, if the reed has be instead of the invasive alien species, the species and quantity of the bird will sharply decrease thus the environmental services of tidal flats are not functioning properly. VI. Conclusion In conclusion, after the SWOT analysis of the Chongming Dongtan Ramsar Site, the author had summarized the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The pressures of the Dongtan mostly come from over exploit, resource depletion and human-made pollution from many aspects especially the sewage discharge. The reduction of wetlands/tidal flats caused by enclose tideland for cultivation and less sediment concentration in water flow of Yangzi River and immoderate seining are the major problems for the protection area. However, a number of measures taken by the government of Shanghai City, for instance, the foundation of three natural protection areas, integrated high speed communication network and sewage treatment works, will make remarkable difference to the present situation. The author considered the poor management of Dongtan site as the primary restriction to limit its development. Thus, applying the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) will be a proper solution to develop and protect the Dongtan and its resources. By uniforming a common objective of national and local authorities, the ICZM will promote the way of coastal area using and balance the demands from natural, economic, cultural and social needs. (Shi et al. , 2001) VII. Reference O? Connell M. , 2000. , Threats to Waterbirds and Wetlands: Implications for Conservation, Inventory and Research, Wildfowl, Volume 51, pages 1-15. Shi C. , Hutchinson S. M. , Yu L. Xu S. , 2001, Towards a Sustainable Coast: An Integrated Coastal Zone Management Framework for Shanghai, People? Republic of China, Ocean Coastal Management, Volume 44, pages 411-427. Tian B. , Zhang L. , Wang X. , Zhou Y. Zhang W. , 2010, Forecasting the effects of sea-level rise at Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve in the Yangtze Delta, Shanghai, China, Available at: http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0925857410001709 [Access at May 15th 2012] Yin H. , Jiang W. Li J. , 2008, Simulation of Non-Point Pollutants Evolution in Coastal Plain Island-A Case Study of Chongming Island, Available at: http://www. sciencedirect. om/science/article/pii/S1001605808600530 [Access at May 15th 2012] Yuan W. , James P. , Hodgson K. , Hutchinson S. M. Shi C. , 2003, Development of sustainability indicators by communities in China: a case study of Chongming County, Shanghai, Available at: http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S030147970300063X [Access at May 15th 2012] Zhao B. , Kreuter U. , Li B. , Ma Z. , Chen J. Nakagoshi N. , 2004, An Ecosystem Service Value Assessment of Land-use Change on Chongming Island, China, Land Use Policy, Volume 21, pages 139-148. How to cite Problems and Prospects of the Chongming Dontan Ramsar Site, Essay examples

Fundamentals of International Business

Question: Discuss about theFundamentals of International Business. Answer: Introduction All the commercial business deals that take place between more than two countries beyond their political boundaries are comprised by international business. International business deals are mostly undertaken by the private companies to earn profit. On the other hand, governments commence them to earn profit as well as for political causes. The studies of the multinational companies are often defined as international business. The report mainly deals with PaintCo Brasileira Ltda. The company had developed into a promising world player in the extremely competitive paint business (Dunning 2012). The company has also become more and more apparent to management that the future global development of the company would have taken place in the promising markets of developing economies. PaintCo had also chosen Brazil as its first country to expand in South America for imperative strategic causes. PaintCo had modernized its manufacturing and supply process across the border with the help of free trade between Canada and the United States. In order to deal with key customers, the company found it essential to maintain a Canadian development (Wild, Wild and Han 2014). Risk There are several medical hazards that are associated with Paint Company. With major customers extended worldwide, the company developed in other countries. It was bound to look for development outside the United States as well as Europe. As a result, the potential profitable growth diminished for the company as there were various other foreign companies that entered the paint market. Hence, PaintCo Brasileira Ltda had to provide its international customers the same level of service that is provided to its local customers in order to survive in the global market. However, these technical risks were not new for the company. Occasional wildcat strikes by US East Coast is likely to pose risk for the company. Even though Brazil and South America will help the company to expand in the global market, PaintCo is likely to face a tough competition in other paint markets (Oiwa 2016). Brazil also lacked clear legal protection for trade secrets, although a illegal statue against unfair trade practices can. This might also lead to risk for the company. On the other hand, limited investment laws as well as lack of managerial transparency and subjective application related to laws restricts the US service exports to Brazil. Another most serious risk that is likely to be faced by the company is potential expose to chemicals that are mainly present in the paint products. This might in turn will lead to enlarged risk of quite a few kinds of cancer that includes both lung and pancreas cancer. PaintCo is likely to get affected by both internal and external factors in diverse environment (Du Plessis 2012). The board of directors of PaintCo that mainly comprises of the business enterprise capitalists is not likely to approve any large investments with uncertain prospects that is also likely to pose threat or risk to the company. This will also accept some risk for well-justified policies. It is also analyzed that the Brazilian distributors are likely to oppose larger volumes unless accompanied by augmented discounts to recompense for the extra costs attributable to higher volume imports. As a result, financing additional space as well as equipments will require a long-term contract with PaintCo. Opportunities There are various opportunities that are associated with PaintCo Brasileira Ltda that is mainly due to the fragmented market that will help the company to expand and augment its market share. As PaintCo chose Brazil as its first country to expand, it is likely that the company will expand, as Brazil is the largest country in Latin America. As a result, the country will offer the greatest customer market potential. Brazil is also considered as the most developed country in the region that is known to produce a broad range of manufactured commodities as well as chemicals and automobiles. As a result, this wide range of manufacturing and customer manufacturers symbolizes a large paint and coatings market. This in turn will provide PaintCo large opportunity to expand in the global markets (Johnson and Zinkhan 2015). As Brazil is also considered as an imperative producer of chemicals and minerals, it became the supplier of various crucial and intermediate resources for the paint industry. In the year 1990, there were restraints on the availability of import licenses that were mainly used to control as well as restrict imports. This in turn served as a major barrier to imports from the United States. However, at present the company will find a broad range of opportunities as the import licenses are used mainly for statistical purposes. The large number of open market will represent an opportunity for effective global producers, both in terms of exports in Brazil as well as direct investment into the country. The company will be able to gain more profit by making more investment in the country as Brazil had removed 60 percent preservation tax that was applicable to foreign allowances of profits as well as dividends. The Central also provided the company an opportunity to expand in the country as it initiated regulation that allowed overseas enterprises to register reinvested profits as foreign capital at the rate of exchange (Alkaya and Demirer 2014). The up-and-coming free trade area in the southern cone of South America is also likely to provide several opportunities to PaintCo. This is mainly because they are likely to offer more than 200 million customers to the paint company. All the opportunities are driving the customers of PaintCo such as automobiles as well as electrical device manufacturers to expand into Brazil. There are also prelude forecast for PaintCo sales in Brazil as well as other markets in South America. As far as investment is concerned, the alternative to institute a completely owned manufacturing subsidiary in Brazil will lead to expansion opportunity for the company. It can be concluded that the building of a local plant will capture the share of domestic purchasers. A new subsidiary will mainly emphasize the combination of global brand name of PaintCo as well as the domestic responsiveness (Ortlieb and Sieben 2014). Pestle Analysis According to Team (2013), Pestle analysis is a vital business tool that is used to analyse the macro factors prevailing in the environment of an organization. It is quite useful in accessing valuable information regarding the factors that affect the surrounding of an organization, as based on these factors, an efficient strategic plan can be created. These strategic business plans would help the organization to successfully overcome their hurdles and reach strive for their objectives. In this report, we are analysing the case study of a paint industry ,Paint Co Brasilia Ltda. With its aim of expanding their business worldwide, Paint Co Brasilia ltda has planned to spread its business at first to Brazil in South America. In order to understand the stability of the company in such a country, it is important to analyse the current micro factors that prevail in the country (Atighechian et al. 2016). Political Brazil is one of the most industrialized economy of south America, that produces a wide range of products. The country has a vibrant democratic environment. Earlier, it there was a restriction on the amount of imports that was done in the country. Nowadays , the import licenses are used as statistical records. Hence, they create an open market which provides an opportunity for the international producers, to import their products in Brazil. With a reduction in the with-holding tax by 60%, a flat rate of just 15% tax were to be paid by the foreign companies in order to sell their goods. Legal an emerging free trade area in the southern cone of South America, MERCOSUR, offers a market of about 200 million people that provides both problems and opportunities for the exporters. They provide an incentive to these foreign companies for direct investment , either being in joint ventures or wholly owned subsidiaries (Gillam and Siriwardena 2013). A good banking system exist in the economy and there is healthy market for initial public offerings. Few equity players are also active in the country locally. Economic the GDP rate of Brazil is quite promising for any foreign country, planning to extend its business in the country. With the scope of many foreign investments that could be done in the country, the country would show their own potential growth with the inclusion of foreign companies in their country. Financial processes allow the companies to stay in business rather than going out of business. Bankruptcy processes exist but are inefficient. Socio-Cultural Environments the socio cultural environment for the workers in Brazil is equivalent in various aspects to that in Europe. A good system of highways, roadways and railways exists in the economy (Seyedhosseini et al. 2015). The consumers of the country are accustomed to both local and international brands. Though compensation for the sales personnel and managerial were less than that of the Europe compensations paid, the employee benefits are equivalent. The location facilities offered by the country is one of the most important factor that is suited according to the needs of the Paint Co Brasilia Ltda. Export Sector Brazil is considered as the ninth largest economy is the world depending upon their GDP rate. The purchasing power of the people in the country is quite high, which keeps the country in the seventh position. Brazil has various industries that manufacture goods to be sold globally. They have high competitiveness value among the other countries of the world. It is into various associations with other fast growing economies of the world. With a greater political stability and improvement in the economic conditions, the countrys growth scales are being positively affected. Minerals, agricultural products and other primary products constitute of more than fifty percent of the produce in Brazil. Brazil is considered as one of the leading producers of soy, sugar, meat, coffee, tobacco and orange juice. Their exports has quadrupled in the early years (Kolios and Read 2013). The growth in the countrys exports has raised its financial status and helped the nation in order to survive the global crisis. As the economys growth is related to the exports made by the country, hence the revenue earned from the exports could be quite unpredictable in nature (Brambilla, Lederman and Porto 2012). When the prices are high, the export revenues generated are quite high, thereby raising the standard of the country. Whereas, when the prices are low, there is a sharp fall in the economic conditions of the country. Hence, there is quite less amount of economic stability. Brazil has been able to provide only primary goods for export, whereas, the revenues generated from these primary goods export are not stable in nature. Hence, in order to sustain the revenue of the country from the exports, Brazil must start implementing various technologies that would help in producing high tech exports, that are vital for sustainable and equitable development of the country. Brazil is facing strict competition from the fast developing countries like china, in comparison to the exports to be generated by the country. Brazil welcomes the companies that are planning to set up industries in their countries. This would strengthen the structure of the country, thereby promoting stability in growth of the economy (Canuto, Cavallari and Reis 2013). FDI Entry A government plan has been generated in Brazil, which aims at opening mining, petroleum and telecommunication industries to be aided by foreign developments. The country has proposed the plan to raise the foreign direct investment in the country by sweeping constitutional reforms in order to attract the investments towards the country (Merlevede, Schoors and Spatareanu 2014). Though the proposal has threatened various other reforms, yet this proposal has been very well received by the officials who represent the country. The government has initiated a package that includes investments for the undercapitalized state of oil monopoly. The proposal would promote both the field of oil drillers to get into risky contracts, whereas, other proposal would permit new joint ventures to eliminate the state of monopoly in the society. Various such proposals are designed in order to raise the productivity if the economy that is importing more than half of its daily requirements. There is a lack in production of the basic needs due to the lack in the amount of investments needed. Most of the projects that were generated within the country have been half way through the process, due to the incapability of accumulating the required capital. Hence, the country is generating such packages, where state monopoly could be eliminated, foreign capital could be drawn towards the country, and promoting methods that would help in sustaining various state owned companies from going bankrupt (Lee, Biglaiser and Staats 2014). With inflation prevailing in the country, there is a strong currency which has made the exports costlier and imports cheaper for the country, thereby , deteriorating the trade balance. The government is expected to shift the programs emphasis, making higher interest rates , and helping to process anti inflation techniques for the countrys well being. In order to invite the beneficial deal of Paint Co Brasilia Ltda, Grossman has invited a deal with the company, where they are ready to give a51 % majority share to the company, as a sixth member of their 5 member team called Grossquimica (Conconi, Sapir and Zanardi 2016). The company would attain a capital of US$ 16.8 million from Paint Co Brasilia Ltda in return of 51 % shares. Another agreement that was proposed by Brazil, to Paint Co Brasilia Ltda was that, PaintCo would issue license for all its products , and grossquimica would produce paints to serve the Brazilian economy and the rest of south American continent. Conclusion International business deals are mostly undertaken by the private companies to earn profit. On the other hand, governments commence them to earn profit as well as for political causes. The studies of the multinational companies are often defined as international business. The report mainly deals with PaintCo Brasileira Ltda. The company had developed into a promising world player in the extremely competitive paint business . PaintCo had also chosen Brazil as its first country to expand in South America for imperative strategic causes. PaintCo had modernized its manufacturing and supply process across the border with the help of free trade between Canada and the United States. Reference Alkaya, E. and Demirer, G.N., 2014. Improving resource efficiency in surface coating/painting industry: practical experiences from a small-sized enterprise. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 16(8), pp.1565-1575. Atighechian, G., Maleki, M., Aryankhesal, A. and Jahangiri, K., 2016. Are Macro and Micro Environment Affecting Management of Fresh Water Resources? A Case from Iran with PESTLE Analysis.Materia Socio-Medica,28(4), p.307. Brambilla, I., Lederman, D. and Porto, G., 2012. Exports, export destinations, and skills.The American Economic Review,102(7), pp.3406-3438. Canuto, O., Cavallari, M. and Reis, J.G., 2013. Brazilian exports: climbing down a competitiveness cliff.World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (6302). Conconi, P., Sapir, A. and Zanardi, M., 2016. The internationalization process of firms: from exports to FDI.Journal of International Economics,99, pp.16-30. Du Plessis, L.I.Z.E., 2012. A trade-off study on outsource or in-house painting process. Dunning, J.H., 2012. International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business). Routledge. Gillam, S. and Siriwardena, A.N., 2013. Leadership and management for quality.Quality in primary care,21(4), pp.253-259. Johnson, M. and Zinkhan, G.M., 2015. Defining and measuring company image. In Proceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 346-350). Springer International Publishing. Kolios, A. and Read, G., 2013. A political, economic, social, technology, legal and environmental (PESTLE) approach for risk identification of the tidal industry in the United Kingdom.Energies,6(10), pp.5023-5045. Lee, H., Biglaiser, G. and Staats, J.L., 2014. The effects of political risk on different entry modes of foreign direct investment.International Interactions,40(5), pp.683-710. Merlevede, B., Schoors, K. and Spatareanu, M., 2014. FDI spillovers and time since foreign entry.World Development,56, pp.108-126. Oiwa, O., 2016. Painting in the Age of Globalization. Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas, 2(1-2), pp.122-124. Ortlieb, R. and Sieben, B., 2014. The making of inclusion as structuration: empirical evidence of a multinational company. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 33(3), pp.235-248. Seyedhosseini, S.M., Cyrus, K.M., Fahimi, K. and Badkoobehi, H., 2015. A new methodology to construct organization's strategies based on supply chain concept.International Journal of Engineering Science (2008-4870),26(2). Team, F.M.E., 2013. PESTLE Analysis.Strategy Skills. Wild, J., Wild, K.L. and Han, J.C., 2014. International business. Pearson Education Limited.

Noras Decision in A Dolls House free essay sample

A Dolls House in the late 1800s when womens rights was a very controversial subject and the male dominated society was not yet ready to acknowledge women as equal counterparts. The antagonist of the play,Nora abandoned her husband and children without so much as a second thought. The literal sound of it may make one think it was selfish of her but if one reads between the lines one realizes that her decision was the outcome of years of built up frustration because of being under appreciated and oppressed. Noras decision,though rash was completely Justified and I would agree with her. The play starts with Nora instructing to her maid to hide the Christmas tree away before the kids come and her husband enters and fondly calls her names like squirrel and sky-lark. The first few paragraphs show how Noras role in her own house was scarcely more than taking care of her children and pleasing her husband like he were her lord. We will write a custom essay sample on Noras Decision in A Dolls House or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The names Trovald calls Nora though cute are actually quite demeaning,in fact throught the play he disrespects her lovingly but consistently. ould go to the extent of saying that Trovalds attitude toward Nora was such that one may think she was nothing more than a possession,a prize or maybe even a glorified domestic pet for her husband. Nora in Trovalds life was as a slave would be,bearing and taking care of his children in return for food and shelter. Trovald also teases Nora about her buying the Christmas ornaments and shows her little respect by saying to her things like Dont disturb me. (pg 1681) and also in Act 3 when he says. Have a good long sleep; you know you are safe and sound under my wing. He also doesnt consider her as an equal in the household matters. He bars her from taking any responsibility in the household beyond dealing with the children. She is treated, by him, like a child herself. Moreover,Torvald also expects that Nora will agree with him on all matters of importance. His opinions are to be her opinions as if Nora was nothing but a mere extension of his great self Just like Eve was no more than Adams rib,his extension. All in all, he doesnt treat Nora as his equal and this is one of the reasons she is right in leaving. There is no reason why Nora should she stay in a house where she is regarded as a pretty object of amusement instead of her rightful designation as co- family head. ln Act 2 of the play, Nora distracts Torvald from reading his mail by dancing the Tarantella. She gets her way by promising to dance and sing and fill Torvalds life with happiness. Does the situation not sound a lot like what a concubine would do to get her way with her king or what a dog would do to get its way with its master? Nora is portrayed to be a selfless and devoted wife,mother and daughter. She is he epitome of the idealistic woman in the eyes of a male dominated society. She is shown to have been her fathers doll-child living all her childhood life in her fathers doll house and later as a doll-wife in her husbands doll house,ln a way she has been treated like a doll or an inanimate object all her life. She fulfilled the duties of an idealistic girl and woman all throught her life,to the extent that she began suppressing her individuality and self respect to fulfill her duties. This made it easier to tultill ner duties but in the meanwhile,witnout ner knowledge,suppressed ner ndividuality and self awareness. She even started fearing and accepting the fact that she was no more than a commodity passed down from her father to her husband. All this while she consoled herself by thinking that her husband loved her with all his heart and that he would give anything up for her as was she. But Nora came in for a rude shock when she realized that her individuality had no existence in her husbands eyes. When Trovald reads Krogstads letter his foremost reaction is of horror at losing his reputation,Now you have ruined my entire appiness, Jeopardized my whole future. lts terrible to think of. [pg 1727] This shows how Trovald with his sweet words was a cheap hypocrite and he cared for his reputation more than for his own wife who gave so much to him. That moment sparked in Nora a sense of individuality that we all have as members of the modern society. She must have been overcome by pain as her tower of falsified consolation that her husband loved her as deeply as she did came down crashing upon her. Her decision of leaving her house behind was first instigated out of her love for her usband but later reaffirmed by the realization that her husband didnt lover her more than his reputation and prestige. Once Nora realizes that she has been treated as a child by both her husband and her father, she knows that she has been treating her own children in the same fashion. She plays with them, calls them angels, loves them, but nonetheless treats them like dolls. In Act 3, Nora says to Torvald: l have been your doll-wife, Just as at home I was papas doll-child; and here the children have been my dolls. I thought it reat fun when you played with me, Just as they thought it great fun when I played with them. [pg 1730] She then declares to Torvald that this playtime shall end and lessons shall begin clarifying to Trovald that her reason to leave was to break away from the shackles that bounded her to the Doll-house The scandal of borrowing money when Torvald was sick started this whole wonderful, but awful situation. In the very beginning (Act 1), Torvald scolds Nora for mentioning borrowing money to buy Christmas gifts. His statement foreshadows the plays end: Nora, you know what I think about that. No debt, no borrowing. There can be no freedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt. And right Torvald is. Nora realizes this in the end of Act 3 and decides to leave. She can not stay in the house once her husband finds out about her scandal. Nora was right in leaving because she was convinced that she and her husband could not live in peace once the scandal was out in the open. Even if Torvald forgave her completely, Nora knew that she was not capable of being societys image of a perfect mother and wife. She foremost wanted o learn how to be independent. She wanted live out on her own instead of in her dolls house. The way Trovald spoke to and treated his wife would enrage any feminist of our time to demand his conviction. His wrong attitude could be compared to the latest controversy over the singer-composer Robin Thickes song Blurred Lines. ln fact, Trovalds behavior was ten-fold as offensive as Mr. Robin Thickes. There is no valid reason in the realm of the reality we know to treat a woman,or any human being for that matter in the manner that Trovald treated his own wife. All Nora wanted at that moment was to recover from her great fall off the horse of falsified consoling that sne nad crea ed. t She wanted to give up ner talse sense ot security and individuality and her susceptibility to dominance of any kind and wanted to make herself fit to think for herself,work for herself and foremost fulfill her duty towards herself. God has created all humans in his image and hence we are all equal. Nora leaving a house which denied her this basic right of being treated as an equal human is completely Justified in the eyes of God and worldly law. Noras Decision in A Dolls House free essay sample Ibsen wrote the play A Dolls House in the late 1800s when womens rights was a very controversial subject and the male dominated society was not yet ready to acknowledge women as equal counterparts. The antagonist of the play,Nora abandoned her husband and children without so much as a second thought. The literal sound of it may make one think it was selfish of her but if one reads between the lines one realizes that her decision was the outcome of years of built up frustration because of being under appreciated and oppressed. Noras decision,though rash was completely justified and I would agree with her. The play starts with Nora instructing to her maid to hide the Christmas tree away before the kids come and her husband enters and fondly calls her names like squirrel and sky-lark. The first few paragraphs show how Noras role in her own house was scarcely more than taking care of her children and pleasing her husband like he were her lord. We will write a custom essay sample on Noras Decision in A Dolls House or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The names Trovald calls Nora though cute are actually quite demeaning,in fact throught the play he disrespects her lovingly but consistently. I could go to the extent of saying that Trovalds attitude toward Nora was such that one may think she was nothing more than a possession,a prize or maybe even a glorified domestic pet for her husband. Nora in Trovalds life was as a slave would be,bearing and taking care of his children in return for food and shelter. Trovald also teases Nora about her buying the Christmas ornaments and shows her little respect by saying to her things like Dont disturb me. (pg 1681) and also in Act 3 when he says. Have a good long sleep; you know you are safe and sound under my wing. He also doesnt consider her as an equal in the household matters. He bars her from taking any responsibility in the household beyond dealing with the children. She is treated, by him, like a child herself. Moreover,Torvald also expects that Nora will agree with him on all matters of importance. His opinions are to be her opinions as if Nora was nothing but a mere extension of his great self just like Eve was no more than Adams rib,his extension. All in all, he doesnt treat Nora as his equal and this is one of the reasons she is right in leaving. There is no reason why Nora should she stay in a house where she is regarded as a pretty object of amusement instead of her rightful designation as co-family head. In Act 2 of the play, Nora distracts Torvald from reading his mail by dancing the Tarantella. She gets her way by promising to dance and sing and fill Torvalds life with happiness. Does the situation not sound a lot like what a concubine would do to get her way with her king or what a dog would do to get its way with its master? Nora is portrayed to be a selfless and devoted wife,mother and daughter. She is the epitome of the idealistic woman in the eyes of a male dominated society. She is shown to have been her fathers doll-child living all her childhood life in her fathers doll house and later as a doll-wife in her husbands doll house,In a way she has been treated like a doll or an inanimate object all her life. She fulfilled the duties of an idealistic girl and woman all throught her life,to the extent that she began suppressing her individuality and self respect to fulfill her duties. This made it easier to fulfill her duties but in the meanwhile,without her knowledge,suppressed her individuality and self awareness. She even started fearing and accepting the fact that she was no more than a commodity passed down from her father to her husband. All this while she consoled herself by thinking that her husband loved her with all his heart and that he would give anything up for her as was she. But Nora came in for a rude shock when she realized that her individuality had no existence in her husbands eyes. When Trovald reads Krogstads letter his foremost reaction is of horror at losing his reputation,Now you have ruined my entire happiness, jeopardized my whole future. Its terrible to think of. [pg 1727] This shows how Trovald with his sweet words was a cheap hypocrite and he cared for his reputation more than for his own wife who gave so much to him. That moment sparked in Nora a sense of individuality that we all have as members of the modern society. She must have been overcome by pain as her tower of falsified consolation that her husband loved her as deeply as she did came down crashing upon her. Her decision of leaving her house behind was first instigated out of her love for her husband but later reaffirmed by the realization that her husband didnt lover her more than his reputation and prestige. Once Nora realizes that she has been treated as a child by both her husband and her father, she knows that she has been treating her own children in the same fashion. She plays with them, calls them angels, loves them, but nonetheless treats them like dolls. In Act 3, Nora says to Torvald: I have been your doll-wife, just as at home I was papas doll-child; and here the children have been my dolls. I thought it great fun when you played with me, just as they thought it great fun when I played with them. [pg 1730] She then declares to Torvald that this playtime shall end and lessons shall begin clarifying to Trovald that her reason to leave was to break away from the shackles that bounded her to the Doll-house The scandal of borrowing money when Torvald was sick started this whole wonderful, but awful situation. In the very beginning (Act 1), Torvald scolds Nora for mentioning borrowing money to buy Christmas gifts. His statement foreshadows the plays end: Nora, you know what I think about that. No debt, no borrowing. There can be no freedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt. And right Torvald is. Nora realizes this in the end of Act 3 and decides to leave. She can not stay in the house once her husband finds out about her scandal. Nora was right in leaving because she was convinced that she and her husband could not live in peace once the scandal was out in the open. Even if Torvald forgave her completely, Nora knew that she was not capable of being societys image of a perfect mother and wife. She foremost wanted to learn how to be independent. She wanted live out on her own instead of in her dolls house. The way Trovald spoke to and treated his wife would enrage any feminist of our time to demand his conviction. His wrong attitude could be compared to the latest controversy over the singer-composer Robin Thickes song Blurred Lines. In fact,Trovalds behavior was ten-fold as offensive as Mr. Robin Thickes. There is no valid reason in the realm of the reality we know to treat a woman,or any human being for that matter in the manner that Trovald treated his own wife. All Nora wanted at that moment was to recover from her great fall off the horse of falsified consoling that she had created. She wanted to give up her false sense of security and individuality and her susceptibility to dominance of any kind and wanted to make herself fit to think for herself,work for herself and foremost fulfill her duty towards herself. God has created all humans in his image and hence we are all equal. Nora leaving a house which denied her this basic right of being treated as an equal human is completely justified in the eyes of God and worldly law.

7 Places to Look for Part-time Jobs

7 Places to Look for Part-time Jobs Part-time jobs are a great opportunity to earn  income and/or develop a new  skill set if you don’t  the time or flexibility to commit to a full-time job. Unfortunately, finding a part-time job is not as simple as you might think. Consider these seven tried and true places to look in order to avoid ending up among the ranks of frustrated part-time job seekers. 1. Local Staffing AgenciesWhile some staffing agencies work only with candidates seeking full-time jobs, others specialize in flexible work arrangements and may have extensive connections with employers looking to fill part-time or seasonal positions. Contact local staffing agencies to find one that meets your needs.2. Classified Ads- Print and OnlineWhile the days of searching your local newspaper listings with a red pen in hand may be coming to an end, the classifieds remain a viable source for finding part-time work. Online help wanted advertising sites also contain part-time employment opportunities. And donâ⠂¬â„¢t forget about sites like Craigslist, which may contain less traditional jobs with more flexible hours.One word of caution: when using Craigslist and similar sites, be sure to take safety measures when it comes to giving out personal information and refrain from accepting interviews at non-public locations.3. Online Job BoardsBecause online job boards are searchable, they make it easier than ever to find a job that suits both your skill set and time constraints. Using the site-provided filter, narrow your search to part-time jobs and see only those that make sense for your schedule.4. Unemployment AgenciesDo you think of unemployment agencies as the places to go when you don’t have a job, as opposed to when you’re looking for one? Think again. Aimed at helping people find work, unemployment agencies maintain databases of current local openings. These may include both full-time and part-time opportunities in industries ranging from food service to retail to healthc are.5. Shoot SmallMany smaller companies, including startups and â€Å"solopreneurs,† are more willing to offer employees flexibility in the workplace. Why? Because they may not yet  have the funds or workload  to support a full-time employee, or may lack sufficient office space for another full-time worker. Expanding your search beyond corporate into smaller- and often specialized  organizations, such as non-profits, museums, libraries, and churches- can yield results.6. Network, Network, NetworkMany employers aren’t eager to waste time and resources advertising part-time jobs. This is where your network comes in. If you let friends- both in person and online- know that you’re looking for part-time work, you’ll likely be pleasantly surprised by what turns up.7. Consider FreelanceA new breed of freelance job boards- such as eLance and oDesk- offer scores of contract and freelance jobs for everyone from software programmers to creative writers. If yo u’re looking for a part-time job that allows you to work from home, these niche job sites deliver.While finding part-time employment can be a challenge, perseverance- and knowing where to look- will ultimately pay off in the form of a job that not only meets your scheduling needs, but also your unique skill set.

Evaluating Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evaluating - Coursework Example Additionally, this paper presents an evaluation of 5 conflict resolution methods and a conflict resolution method that is best applicable to both teams and rationale for this decision. Finally, this paper presents a conclusion of the findings and literature applied. Interprofessional collaboration is a complex communication process that poses a number of features. According to Scholl, Koelewijn-van Loon and Sepucha, et al. (2011), interprofessional collaboration, in a nursing setting or health care environment is described as the process of division of planning, decision making, goal setting, accountability assumptions and problem solving processes which links with working jointly. This process fosters harmonization of efforts in a team or group. Working as a team or collaboratively is a common term in the health care environment, where the health care providers strive to work together in order to achieve positive health outcomes. The surgical and recovery team work in harmony to achieve their set goals and objectives which entail achieving a positive health outcome. In particular, the surgical team carries out the surgery procedures on the patients in the surgery environments whereas the recovery team plays the role of assisting the patients in recovering from the surgical procedures (Scholl et al., 2011). This entails taking the patients from the surgical room and providing them with the necessary care that they need in order to triumph over the surgery to a normal life (Schrijvers, van Hoorn & Huiskes, 2012). Over and above, both the surgical and the recovery team play a significant role in enabling the patient achieve beneficial health outcomes. This is made possible via collaborative working process where everyone embraces communication through effective reporting and handover. Interprofessional collaborations foster exchange of knowledge, improved patient health outcomes, improved health care service satisfaction and an effective

Constructivism in International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Constructivism in International Relations - Essay Example The constructivist theory encourages that students be provided with inquiry-based learning activities as well as problem solving activities where students are able to formulate and test their ideas , draw their conclusions as well as inferences and convey their acquired knowledge in a collaborative learning environment. Constructivism changes the student from an inactive recipient of information to an active partaker in the learning process. Learners will be continually trying to obtain their personal mental model of the actual world from their views of that world. Learners keep updating their own personal mental models to mirror the new acquired information which eventually enables them to create their own understanding of the reality. It is crucial that we create good learning environments that students will use as their platforms to be able to create new knowledge and experiences and these environments are referred to as Constructivist learning environments. This theory is importa nt for the study of international relations since it facilitates learning new information and adapting to change which is very common while relating with other countries internationally. A basic principle of the constructivist social theory is that people take action toward items or entities, on the foundation of the meanings that those entities or items have for them. In international relations for example, various states act differently towards their enemies because they are a threat to them while they also act differently. towards their friends who are an input to their states. Learning how to deal and adapt to various situations that a state is exposed to is thus very important and that is well implemented through the use of constructivist theory in learning International relations. Institutionalization refers to the process of internalizing new interests as well as identities which are occurring within their environment and affecting their behaviors. Example: UNESCO officials d eclared that science policymaking is essential and good; there was however no stern attempt to attest how true that was: "States should make it their business" to coordinate and direct science or, "The development of science policy should be the responsibility of an organization at the highest level of government in the country. Also "the Science Policy Programme of UNESCO is formulated on the basis of the principle that the planning of science policy is indispensable" for the promotion as well as coordination of scientific research. These statements are not attached with any evidence that such practical entities improve science competence. Science has a

Cause and Effect Essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cause and Effect Assignment - Essay Example Parents may adopt a given set of strategy and action based on the normal situations or the circumstances in which they are forced to bring about an action in response to the lack of values and behavioral respect shown by their children. The disciplinary action is originally meant to bring about resoluteness and respect in the manners and behavior of the children. The impacts can be multi fold. It can be either building up a very well groomed and looked after children or in certain cases it may also include the deviation in the form of excessively restrictive environment and behavioral response by the children. Surveillance based parenting includes parenting keeping a close and unannounced check on the children. This may include observing their activities, observing their belongings in their absence and other similar actions. The disciplinary action based parenting includes adopting a relatively formal method of parenting. This may include taking punitive measures which at times even may include physically controlling. Disciplinary actions may also include grounding of children and restricting their activities. Remuneration based treatment of children is the broader form of disciplinary action. Many experts on the subject of parenting and good skills with regard to children’s brought up advocate the use of counseling, sharing, and intimacy based build up of relations. In this kind of relationship and atmosphere presence, the child feels secure, easy and gives out the information easily which allows the parents resolving their issues relatively easily and flexibly. The child does not fear any threat, punishment that may come from the parents end in the case of violation as is the case in the form of disciplinary form of parenting and guidance by the parents. Effect of counseling may lead to increased good and open relationship between the child and parent. Since it is the human nature that the

Police Use of Force | Essay

Police Use of Force | Essay There have been several issues concerning the policies that underline the use of force within the field of law enforcement. Favorable opinions, negative objections, and indecisive feelings about the use of force have varied throughout the public as well as within the criminal justice system when it comes to this policy. For a number of years, it has been extremely difficult in determining the proper definition of what is considered to be the use of force or the proper use of force, especially in regards to law enforcement. Ironically, there have been dozens of studies on police and the use of force and research concluded that there is no single accepted definition. Must police use force? Not only should the answer to this question include the circumstances surrounding the situation but it should also include the amount of force able to be used in each unique situation. This question will especially benefit a police officer when determining the amount of force that should be exerted on criminal suspects. Overall, in order for one to fully understand the various definitions of use of force, one must be able to appreciate the background, causes, and ways to reduce the use of force. The basic problem with use of force is the lack of routine, national systems for collecting data on incidents in which police use force during the normal course of duty and on the extent of excessive force and when force should be applied and how much. According to Buker (2005), the term, use of force, describes a right of an individual or authority to settle conflicts or prevent certain actions by applying measures to either: dissuade another party from a particular course of action, or physically intervene to stop them (pg201). Police are granted the authority to use force and being able to use force this is characterizes one of the most misconstrued powers granted to commissioners of the government. Law enforcement officers may define the use of force as, taking all actions to bring a hostile situation to a more manageable status. Adler (2007) found as leading police historians have demonstrated, early law enforcers worked in a hostile environment. Established during an era of soaring violence, when riots were commonplace and when social divisions cleaved cities into competing neighborhoods, American policemen, in Chicago and elsewhere, faced a daunting task. They were expected to maintain order, yet they lacked legitimacy and remained shackled to a partisan, often corrupt, institutional structure in which they were encouraged to use their influence and muscle for overtly political tasks, such as safeguarding their patrons and quelling labor unrest. All the while, American law enforcers battled to command respect and to control the streets. Types of Force There are several interpretations as to what is considered an excessive amount of force, which can vary from using bean bags guns, chemical spray, or batons. When these items are used inappropriately or excessively one may say this is using an excessive amount of force. However, since they are non-lethal they can be seen as reasonable use of force. Therefore, the amount of force a police officer uses does not solely depend on him or herself, but his or her discretion. Every situation that possibly involves the use of force is unique. Situations may be similar or seem to mirror one another, but no situation is the same. By situations varying from the differences in people, regions, beliefs, and backgrounds to tailor a particular definition, create certain guidelines for the use of force is difficult. Some people believe police should not have the power to use force, no matter what the circumstances may be. They believe everything can be solved along peaceful stipulations in which no o ne can be injured or killed (Ng, 2009). Then you have others who understand that in some situations, force is not only necessary, but is required, if serious, injury or death is avoided (Rahtz, 2007). When handling a certain situation police officers have a variety of force options from which they can choose. Officers have been granted the authority to use both physical and mental force to solve crimes and detain criminals. At certain times criminals can be very cooperative when being arrested, so there is no need for physical force the mere presence of the officer is enough to gain their control. When criminals are no so cooperative, the first step would be verbal commands, going forward the next stage to detain a criminal, would be the compliance hold which means applying physical force, which may be followed by the use of non-lethal weapons such as the baton or tasers. The last result would be resorting in applying deadly force, which by all means should attempt to be avoided unless considered necessary (Douthit, 1975). It is widely regarded that the police in any given society have a difficult job to fulfill. Dealing with criminals and placing themselves in harms way on a day to day basis is definitely an admirable calling. Although seen as difficult, there is an underlying sentiment in the general public that the job of law enforcement officers is relatively straightforward. Police are faced with tough moral decisions daily. They are to decide when and how to act when presented with violations of the law. When the use of force exceeds that which is necessary to accomplish their lawful purpose, or when their purpose is not lawful apprehension or self-defense but, rather personal retaliation, it is defined as excessive use of force and is unethical and illegal (Pollock, 2010). According to the United States Department of Justice (2008) the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) in Data Collection on Police Use of Force, states that the legal test of excessive force is whether the police officer reasonably believed that such force was necessary to accomplish a legitimate police purpose. However, there are no universally accepted definitions of reasonable and necessary because the terms are subjective and totality understood. A court in one jurisdiction may define reasonable or necessary differently than a court in a second jurisdiction. More to the point is an understanding of the improper use of force, which can be divided into two categories: unnecessary and excessive. The unnecessary use of force would be the application of force where there is no justification for its use, while an excessive use of force would be the application of more force than required where use of force is necessary (pg3). Causes According to Alpert Smith (1994), a major cause of overuse of force, possibly leading to police brutality is the belief that police officers are soldiers in a war on crime. The war mentality impulses are to do certain things that would not be allowed under normal conditions. Police adopt this mentality because of citizens, whose fear of crime has reached an all-time high, and because of politicians, who publicize the notion that tough cops prevent crime (pg127). Most suspects are compliant and require no more than a guiding arm, but those who refuse or resist, and occasionally those who do not, may provoke a forcible response. Subjects of police uses of force often respond with allegations of law enforcement brutality. Sometimes these allegations are baseless, a product of misunderstanding what might justify lawful force or of false accusation (Matthew, 2006). Other times they represent a just demand for recognition and redress for damaged bodies and spirits. The dilemma, according to Rahtz (2003), is the lack of a clear agreement on what constitutes legitimate use of force. The public, as well as the police, understand that in some situations, force is not only necessary and unavoidable, but is required, if serious injury, death or destruction of property is to be avoided (pg136). When dealing with civilian suspects and the amount of force a police can apply during an arrest it places them in a very shaky situation. When police officers make decisions and choices based on the current situation without referring to any policies and procedures, just by following ones own judgment this is called discretion (Douthit, 1975). This gives the police leeway as to when force is necessary and when it is not, within certain guidelines. For instance, a policeman cannot beat up a man for robbing a store. But, if the robber battered someone in the process of the robbery the policeman could. He could do this because there was a clear threat of danger to himself or to another officer or human being. Police must take the precise course of action to fit the circumstance, because if they are too lenient or to forceful, even when dealing with the pettiest things, they can be chastised by superiors and the public. It seems as if the use of force issue has not been taken very serious through legal aspects. Police officers are rarely reprimanded; if the officer is charged with excessive use of force the charges are nearly exonerated. This causes questions to be raised, why is it that law enforcement officers get special treatment? One may say officers charges are exonerated because; when officers are placed in a precocious situation they use their knowledge of past precedent to be excused with their force actions which may be excessive aggression. Notorious Cases of Police Brutality In 1991 a horrified videotape was broadcasted nationwide, capturing California police officers brutally beating a motorist by the name of Rodney King. This case has had a tremendous effect on law enforcement. This case caused an investigation by a special commission to see whether the brutality was extensive within the police force (Engel, 2008). Another case of police brutality happened in Brooklyn, NY a citizen by the name of Michael Mineo claimed he was sodomized with a baton by police officers. The case of Sean Bell is a case that many will remember Bell was killed on the morning of his wedding day outside of a strip club in Queens, NY. Bell and a few of his friend were out at a strip club celebrating his wedding, not to long after leaving the nightclub, Bell and his friends were confronted by a plainclothes undercover officers who did not identify themselves as officers. Bell sped off in the car and the plainclothes undercover officers let off 50 rounds into Bells vehicle, killi ng him and severely injuring his friends (Engel, 2008). Several political leaders such as Al Sharpton and the NAACP tried to fight for some justice because the outcome of this case did not seem like a feasible amount punishment. The officers were charged with manslaughter, reckless endangerment and assault but were all acquitted. On November 29, 2008, a 15-year-old girl was beaten by two King County Sheriffs Department deputies. The video shows deputies as they escorted the girl into the holding cell, when the deputies asked her to remove her shoes, and, as she slipped out of her left shoe, she appeared to kick it at the deputy. The deputy then lunged through the door and kicked her, striking either her stomach or upper thigh area, he smashed her head against a corner wall before flinging her to the floor by her hair. These events are very alarming but what is more alarming is the amount of times officers are exonerated for their actions. Where an officers initial use of force is aggravated and lawful, the line between a legal arrest and an unlawful deprivation of civil rights within the aggravated assault guidelines is relatively thin. There is no middle ground, no buffer zone. Its either reasonable or criminal. One extra baton strike, shove or control holds can make the difference between an officer doing his job and being sent to prison (Alpert Smith, 1994) Ways to Reduce Use of Force There are several ways to reduce the excessive use and improper use of force, the most important factor is to make all laws enforceable to the fullest extent no excuses. Police officers should fall under these same set of rules, they should be used as deterrence so other officers will not commit this same crime in the future. It is not a question of should or whether, but when and how much. However, police officers must learn to use force lawfully. You cannot use lethal force at will or use force when it is not permitted. The Continuum Scale is believed to be one of the most efficient sources used to ensure the appropriate amount of force is used. A use of force continuum is a standard that provides law enforcement officials security guards with guidelines as to how much force may be used against a resisting subject in a given situation. In certain ways it is similar to the military rules of engagement. It was designed as a general guide to using force in a confrontation or arrest situation and to make sure police officers use the appropriate level of force necessary in the performance of their duties (Terrill, Alpert, Dunham Smith, 2003). The scale will assist officers in applying the law and departmental policy in use of force situations, documenting the use of force, and presenting testimony in a court proceeding. The purpose of these models is to clarify, both for officers and citizens, the complex subject of use of force by law officers. Literature Review In 1977, the Police Foundation conducted a seven-city study of shooting incidents by police. The cities included Birmingham, Alabama; Detroit, Michigan; Indianapolis, Indiana Kansas City, Missouri; Oakland, California; Portland, Oregon; and Washington, D.C. The research team examined department policies on shootings, analyzed available reports, conducted extensive interviews, and rode in patrol cars as observers. Among their major findings was the observation that most departments were only beginning to develop recordkeeping procedures on police use of excessive force and repeated involvement of officers in shooting incidents. They went on to note, The lack of systematic, centralized data collection in many departments inhibits the rational development of new policies, training programs, and enforcement procedures (Bazley, Lersch, Mieczkowski, 2006). Contacts between Police and the Public, a 1999 BJS report, estimated that less than half of 1 percent of an estimated 44 million people who had face-to-face contact with a police officer were threatened with or actually experienced force. Other studies report similar statistics. It is these few situations, however, that attract public attention. Robert K. Olsen, former Minneapolis Police Chief and Past President, Police Executive Research Forum (PERF), early in 2004 called the use of force the single most volatile issue facing police departments. He noted that just one use of force incident can dramatically alter the stability of a police department and its relationship with a community (U. S. Dept of Justice, 2008). Also, according to International Association of Chiefs of Police (2001), one of the most publicly debated aspects of police use of excessive force during the last year, is the racial characteristic of participants in use of force encounters. There were 8,148 reported incidents of police use of force in which the contributors (police departments) included racial descriptions for officers and suspects. Of this total, 39% involved white officers using force on white subjects, 44% involved white officers using force on African American subjects, 7% involved African American officers using force on African American subjects and 3.4% involved African American officers using force on white subjects. Methodology The literature is in general agreement that police are in a very precarious situation when it comes to the amount of force they can apply when dealing with a civilian suspect. There is no clear definition of use of force because the terms are subjective. The research designed I would perform for this study would be the evaluative survey research method, in the sense that seeks to determine what is the proper meaning of use of force. The research would be of a quantitative analysis approach. A quantitative analysis approach is an approach which is the examination, analysis and interpretation of observations for the purpose of discovering underlying meanings and patterns of relationships. Conclusion Several key points could have been operationalized differently. When dealing with a dangerous or unpredictable situation, police officers usually have very little time to assess it and determine the proper response. Effective training as well as other guidelines can make it possible for officer to react, respond and address situations in an effective manner. Many early studies utilized official report statistics to measure the outcome of the variables use of force and excessive use of force. Early studies on the incidence of use of force focused on lethal, or deadly, force by police. Lethal force, obviously the highest level of force used by police, results in the most severe injuries to its recipients and commands the greatest attention from the media. The early studies looked at the incidence and circumstances of lethal force in individual cities. The need for improved data collection systems can also be justified by considering the legal liabilities that law enforcement agencies have with their use of force, from both lethal and less-than-lethal weapons. The research conducted over the last 30 years on police use of force consistently calls for improved data collection at the local and national level. In short, the purpose of this study was to determine the meaning of use of force, who can use force, when force should be applied and how much force is too much force. According to Buker (2005), the term of use of force describes having the right or authority to resolve conflicts or to avoid certain actions by applying measures to either: deter another party from a particular course of action, or to physically intervene to stop them (pg210). A major cause for police use of force is the belief that police officers are solders in a war on crime. Police officers are placed in serious and life threatening events on a daily basis. They have to use their discretion; ones own judgment on how to solve the problem and what they believe is the best suitable outcome. Notorious cases of police brutality have called for a special commission to investigate whether brutality was widespread in the police forces. The continuum scale is one of the most effective sources use to ensure the appropriate a mount of force is being used. All in all, one may view the use of force as a glass half empty, and some view the glass half full, which simply states it all depends on how you look at the situation.

The Active Future as Divine :: Philosophy Religion Papers

The Active Future as Divine Normally, activity is regarded as discernible, but according to relativity theory whatever is discernible lies in the past of the discernible. Only the present subjective immediacy is properly active. Subjectivity is properly understood as present becoming; objectivity as past being (so Whitehead). I propose that we extend the domain of subjective immediacy to include the future as well as the present. This future universal activity is pluralized in the present in terms of the many actualities coming into being. Subjectivity is the individualization of becoming, and so can apply to the future as a whole as well as to particular present subjects. The future as divine grows out of Whitehead's revisions of traditional notions of omnipotence and omniscience. But he separates creativity (best understood in terms of Hindu and Buddhist thought) from the God of Western theism. This separation can be overcome if God is future creativity individualized in its own realm, which is the source of the creativity within each of us. Ordinarily we think of the future as a blank background on which we imaginatively project our plans, hopes and fears. Or we may consider it as a receptacle, passively registering the conditions the present and past lays upon it. Once all these conditions are completed, it comes into being-only then it is no longer future but present. As long as it is still future and still indeterminate, we do not see how it could be active. How could the future actively receive and respond to its world? Besides the ordinary passive future we are all familiar with, I wish to propose a notion of the future which can serve as the appropriate mode of divine activity. First, I need to show how an active future is possible. Then I must try to show that God can be appropriately conceived as the activity of the future. In this account I shall be relying heavily on the process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead, primarily as found in his main work, Process and Reality (1929). In part I shall be presenting his ideas, while in part I shall be building on them in ways he did not foresee. The future is usually considered to be exclusively passive because it lacks any discernible activity. Most deem whatever discernible activity there is to be present, relegating to the past whatever is no longer active. This makes good sense for those who assume that world is constituted out of enduring substances, but it makes less sense if the world is conceived in terms of events.